____AP World History Studyguide
______1. Societies went from hunter gatherers to agragarian.
______2. Christianity: Jesus is the son of god who died for everyones' sins, god loves you, if you repent you go to heaven, if not you go to Satan in _________-_______hell
____-___Buddhism: Desire is the cause of all human suffering, evrything is in a cycle and the goal is to dettach yourself from all material _________-______things/desires, called acheiving brahma, anyone can attain it, and this religion was a reaction out of Hinduism's caste system, _________-______8 fold path, 4 noble truths
____-___Hinduism: Life is an allusion, there is one universal being that created many gods, everyone is born into castes (classes) in society and as _________-______one progresses through the many life cycles, they get upgraded or downgraded depending on if they were good, dettaching _________-______yourself from this cycle is called Moksha (like in Buddhism)
____-___Judaism: there's one god, an eye for an eye, God is mean and jealous
____-___Islam: belief in a god and in the prophet Muhammad's teachings, Quran Sharia laws
____-___Zoroastrianism: dualistic belief in one good god Ahura Mazda and in one bad god, good vs evil, "good thoughts good words good deeds"
______3. Both empires were centralized, bearucratic, both had irrigation systems
______4. Socrates believed that human wisdom is of little or no value. He didn't like how people acted like they knew something but they really knew ________nothing. Confucius believed in acheiving peace and harmony in the government and everywhere else by obeying the five social ________relationships. Legalism is the belief that people are stupid with evil intentions and must be contained and controlled. Confucianism and ________Legalism took different approaches to government on China, Legalism was devoted to the state and not to righteous actions (unlike ________Confucius and Socrates). For Daoism, Laozi believed that one could attain peace and harmony through nature, similar in some ways to ________Confucius but more natural.
______5. Confuciamism's purpose was to train people for being loyal to the goverment, righteous/good, to be gentlemen, and to attain peace.
______6. Both expanded out of reactions, Arabs and vikings were origionally nomadic peoples who went out and conquered other people, Arabs ________mostly conquered urban areas, vikings mostly conquered rural areas.
______7. Ibn Battua talks about Muslim social norms as he experiences culture shock when he travels to other Muslim societies in Africa. This shows ________cultural diffusion and syncretism with local cultures.
______8. China made porcelan, silk, textiles, and mostly exported goods.
______9. Feudalism is a system where vassals or shoguns would provide land, protection, money, and jobs for people in exchange for their service of ________labor or for being in an army, such is the case for the knights and samurai.
______10. Islam and Hinduism spread with trade.
______11. Horizions for both were expanded, both were humanistic, cultures and economies flourished.
______12. The Indian Ocean trade and the trans-Saharan trade caused the Austronesians to migrate from Madagascar northward
______13. Both Incas and Aztecs performed human sacrifices, the Incas less often. It was against the law in Aztec society to trade outside a market ________place, and outside trade in the Incan societies had to be supervised by their government. Both had city-states.
______14. Black death, renassiance, the Americas are introduced into a global trade, Europe started to gain more control over the world trades
______15. Europeans stole the Chinese maritime technology and improved upon it (astrolabes, rudders, compasses, lateen sails, dhow & junk ships, ________etc).
______16. Wars broke out over neighboring tribes so that they could catch more people. Slave dealers grew rich. Lots of male slaves were taken, so ________the population was uneven, and females started to do more work, smaller population.
______17. trade, show of power, gain of converts to religion
______18. Islamic art mainly uses tiles (mosaic), includes geometric and floral patterns, cursive styles of writing, there were no pictures of God or ________Muhammad, and the art influenced and spread throughout India.
______19. All of these colonies were involved in the Columbian exchange, where they traded cash crops (like suagrcane tobacco rice, etc) and ________imported slaves to work on plantations.
______20. An increase in nutrition yielded to increased populations.
______21. Patriarchy would be a male dominated society (males superior to females), like in Islam, ancient Rome, Sub-Saharan Africa.
______22. Both India and Rome became major cosmopolitan centers of intergrated cultures. Both areas started to adopt religions like Chrisianity ________and Buddhism. They traded silk,spices, and hash.
______23. Both philosophies were mainly devoted to religious themes.
______24. Zheng He's voyages weren't interesting to China like they once were, and he received no funding.
______25. Swahili is a mix of the Bantu language with the Arabic language (the Arabs coming for trade).
______26. The Mongols were religioulsy tolerant, but they could be opressive and violent when their people rebelled. They facilitated trade through ________the silk roads by making stops and they had more effective mail systems.
______28. More cash crops yielded more workers, and the Indians were dying out so more slaves were being imoported from Africa to work the ________fields.
______29. They both dominated the Mediteranan because of their locations, they could easily acess trade routes.
______30. The Byzantine Empire was one of the two halves split by Diocletian, the Byzantine half was self sufficient, and its government was ________-functioning.
______31. The Gandhara Buddhas were carved wearing Greco-Roman togas, in central Asia.
______32. Rich people had to pay for the crimes of the lower-classes.
______33. From India, Buddhism first spread to China, then to southeast Asia, then to Korea, then to Japan.
______34. The Roman Empire got too big to manage, had economic problems, the military was corrupted, raids, and there were different people ________claiming to be the leaders.
______35. Lots of people died and the economies became unstable.
______36. The Bantu migrations spread iron metallurgy, bannanas, and their language.
______37. The Ming Dynasty embraced NeoConfucianism to give China more structure. After the decline of the Mongols, the Ming Dynasty adopted ________-NeoConfucianism to be more modern, innnovative, NeoConfucianism also had both classical and new aspects.
______38. Agriculture created a surlus amount of food, supposedly giving more time to people for art, religions, gatherings. More food led to social ________-stratification, which kept peple in line, which gave people jobs and specific classes, increasing life expectancy and lowering infant ________-mortality.
______39. The spread of Islam influenced the Crusades, and also increased the interests of trading.
______40. They further divided the land into states, and the emperor used caesaropapism, and he claimed to be the head of the church, and he put ________-the power of the state above the church.
______41. Both are reconstitutions of past empires, or "leftovers".
______42. Populations in Eurasia increased due the increased nutitional value of the food being grown, and populations in Africa were mixed up ________-because even though their nutrition increased, more slaves were being captured and taken away, and most were males so a lot of the ________-females were left doing the male jobs.
______43. Primary characteristics of early civilizations include advanced cities, technology/artifacts, record keeping/language/written texts, art, ________-religions/rituals, complex institutions, and social hierarchy.
______44. The goal of a Confucianist would be to be a gentleman, attain peace and harmony everywhere and in the government, they do this by ________-living the five relationships. It is their belief, that filial piety and brotherly love are the roots of humanity.
______45. Jesus and Buddha both were important in their religions, but Buddha didn't claim to be a divine being. Both religions had missionaries ________-and were helped by their countries' emperors (ex. Constantine, Chinese emperors).
______46. The Aztecs mainly raided people and took their things, their government wasn't directly concerned with trade, though it was against the ________-law in Aztec society to trade outside a market place. The Incas would raid, then un-raid the places they conquered, they had storehouses ________-for times of war, poverty, or in times of other need where the supplies would go to the provinces. The Incas mainly focused in intergrating ________-and unifying their society, and outside trade had to be supervised.
______47. They both have monarchies.
______48. Silver was used as a currency in China, and it came from mines in South America.
______49. The caliphates were sucessful at establishing trading networks and setting up communities through out all of the areas. Islam spread ________-because of the Golt-Salt trade in Africa, the traders were mostly Arab Muslims. Mansa Musa also was a Muslim and he dropped so much ________-gold around the areas that the economies were changed.
______50. Non native plants and animals were introduced in the Americas, harming the natural environment. Natives died from Eurasian diseases ________-that they weren't immune to, causing more slaves to be imported. Wars in Africa broke out in attempt for slave dealers to capture more ________-slaves or prisioners, making them get really rich off of other people. Some populations in Africa declined from the slave trade, while others ________-went up due to the nutitional value of crops in the trades. The gender ratio in Africa was imbalanced, causing females to take on male ________-jobs. The nutrition in Eurasia increased due to the variety of the crops that could be planted, Eurasia also grew rich from cash crops ________-(tobacco,indgo,suagrcane,etc) and goods like Silver.